|
Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, 1st Duke of Leinster, KG (30 June 1641 – 5 July 1719), was a general in the service of Willem, Prince of Orange and ''Stadtholder'' of Holland, later King William III of England. He fought in the Franco-Dutch War, then played a crucial role in the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690 during the Williamite War in Ireland and finally commanded the British troops deployed to Portugal during the War of the Spanish Succession. ==Military career== Born the son of Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg (who was of Huguenot descent), and Johanna Elizabeth de Schomberg (née von Schönberg), Meinhardt Schomberg joined his father in the service of the Portuguese Army and served as a lieutenant-colonel and then as a colonel.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg )〕 He then settled in La Rochelle with his father and became a French subject.〔 He attained the rank of brigadier and, afterwards, maréchal de camp (major general), during the Franco-Dutch War in 1678.〔 He fought under Marshal François de Créquy at the Battle of Kochersburg in October 1677, the Battle of Freiburg im Breisgau in 14 November 1677, at the Battle of Rheinfelden in July 1678 and at the Battle of Kinzing later that month, before serving under Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg as a general of cavalry.〔 He travelled to England in Spring 1689 and was made colonel of Lord Cavendish's Regiment of Horse on 10 April 1690〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=7th Dragoon Guards )〕 and commissioned a general of the horse on 19 April 1690.〔 Frederick Schomberg was second in command of William's army at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690 during the Williamite War in Ireland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Schomberg House )〕 Meanwhile, Meinhardt Schomberg commanded the right wing of William's army during the battle and led the crucial crossing of the River Boyne at Roughgrange near Rosnaree〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rosnaree: history )〕 on the Jacobites' flank, the turning point in the confrontation, despite a gallant defence by Sir Neil O'Neill, a Jacobite general.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Battle of the Boyne )〕 Schomberg then engaged in a pursuit of the retreating troops towards Duleek:〔 there were no casualties amongst his regiment's soldiers.〔 Schomberg's father died during the latter stages of the Battle which resulted in a decisive Williamite victory.〔 Meinhardt Schomberg was created Duke of Leinster for his part in the Battle on 30 June 1690〔Noble, p.180〕 and, after taking part in the abortive Siege of Limerick in August 1690, he became a British subject through naturalization by Act of Parliament on 25 April 1691.〔Cruickshank, p.498〕 From May 1691 he was also made Commander-in-Chief of the Forces during the King's travels in Flanders.〔 In Spring 1693 Schomberg was placed in command of the abortive descent on Saint-Malo and in October 1693 he inherited the title of Duke of Schomberg following the death of his younger brother Charles Schomberg at the Battle of Marsaglia.〔 In 1698 he moved into Schomberg House, a new mansion specially commissioned for him on the south side of Pall Mall, London.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Schomberg House, Pall Mall, Westminster, Greater London )〕 In 1703, he was created Knight of the Garter〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Knights of the Garter at the accession of George I in 1714 )〕 and Queen Anne appointed him Commander-in-Chief of the British forces sent to Portugal for the War of the Spanish Succession.〔 Once in Portugal Schomberg was ineffective, simply allowing the Spanish General Tserclaes de Tilly to pass by unchallenged.〔 Moreover, Schomberg had a dreadful temper which attracted universal disgust: neither Peter II, King of Portugal, nor Charles, claimant to the throne of Spain, were prepared to accept his turbulent behaviour and he was sent home in disgrace.〔 Meinhardt Schomberg had an interest in naval matters and registered a patent concerning inspecting the fishing for wrecks.〔Shaw, p.509-518〕 He commissioned the construction of Hillingdon House in 1717 as his hunting lodge〔Sherwood, p.97〕 and died there on 5 July 1719.〔 He had no male issue so all of his titles (Duke of Schomberg, Duke of Leinster, Marquess of Harwich, Earl of Brentford, Earl of Bangor, Baron Teyes and Count of Mértola)〔 except Count of Mértola died with him.〔 The town of Schomberg, Ontario was renamed to commemorate the 3rd Duke of Schomberg in 1862.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Schomberg )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|